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Romania: Institutional Quality and Economic Performance

Explore how Romania's institutional environment — governance quality, corruption control, and business climate — relates to its economic growth trajectory since the 1990s transition.

Romania's transition from a centrally planned economy to an EU member state offers a compelling case study in institutional development. This starter compares GDP growth, government effectiveness, and business environment indicators across Romania and its regional peers. Key questions: How has institutional quality affected convergence with Western Europe? What role have EU accession reforms played?

Key Data Points

Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria -- GDP growth (%), GDP/cap PPP, Gov spending (% GDP), FDI inflows (% GDP), Business score

GDP growth (%)

Romania

1 % annual

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
GDP growth (%)

Poland

3.2 % annual

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
GDP growth (%)

Hungary

0.6 % annual

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
GDP growth (%)

Bulgaria

3 % annual

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
GDP/cap PPP

Romania

49,076.54 current international $

2024-01-01World Bank
GDP/cap PPP

Poland

51,262.51 current international $

2024-01-01World Bank
GDP/cap PPP

Hungary

48,552.47 current international $

2024-01-01World Bank
GDP/cap PPP

Bulgaria

41,969.45 current international $

2024-01-01World Bank
Gov spending (% GDP)

Romania

Data not yet loaded

Gov spending (% GDP)

Poland

Data not yet loaded

Gov spending (% GDP)

Hungary

Data not yet loaded

Gov spending (% GDP)

Bulgaria

Data not yet loaded

FDI inflows (% GDP)

Romania

1.9%

2024-01-01World Bank
FDI inflows (% GDP)

Poland

2.2%

2024-01-01World Bank
FDI inflows (% GDP)

Hungary

-27.9%

2024-01-01World Bank
FDI inflows (% GDP)

Bulgaria

3.1%

2024-01-01World Bank
Business score

Romania

Data not yet loaded

Business score

Poland

Data not yet loaded

Business score

Hungary

Data not yet loaded

Business score

Bulgaria

Data not yet loaded

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