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Labor Markets in Major Emerging Economies

Compare labor market structures across the BRICS and other major emerging economies, examining employment, youth unemployment, and female participation.

Emerging economies face unique labor market challenges: large informal sectors, rapid urbanization, young and growing populations, and the need to absorb millions of new workers each year. This starter compares India, Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, and South Africa to highlight the diversity of labor market conditions across the developing world. How do demographic pressures shape unemployment? What explains differences in female labor force participation?

Key Data Points

Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Nigeria -- Emp/pop ratio (%), Female LFPR (%), Unemployment (%), Youth unemp. (%), LFPR (%), Pop growth (%)

Emp/pop ratio (%)

Brazil

59.4%

2025-01-01World Bank
Emp/pop ratio (%)

India

53.3%

2025-01-01World Bank
Emp/pop ratio (%)

Indonesia

65.8%

2025-01-01World Bank
Emp/pop ratio (%)

South Africa

37.6%

2025-01-01World Bank
Emp/pop ratio (%)

Nigeria

80%

2025-01-01World Bank
Female LFPR (%)

Brazil

53.4%

2025-01-01World Bank
Female LFPR (%)

India

32.4%

2025-01-01World Bank
Female LFPR (%)

Indonesia

53.7%

2025-01-01World Bank
Female LFPR (%)

South Africa

49.9%

2025-01-01World Bank
Female LFPR (%)

Nigeria

80.7%

2025-01-01World Bank
Unemployment (%)

Brazil

7.1%

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
Unemployment (%)

India

4.9%

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
Unemployment (%)

Indonesia

5%

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
Unemployment (%)

South Africa

32.7%

2025-01-01International Monetary Fund
Unemployment (%)

Nigeria

3.1%

2025-01-01World Bank
Youth unemp. (%)

Brazil

14%

2025-01-01World Bank
Youth unemp. (%)

India

16%

2025-01-01World Bank
Youth unemp. (%)

Indonesia

13%

2025-01-01World Bank
Youth unemp. (%)

South Africa

59.9%

2025-01-01World Bank
Youth unemp. (%)

Nigeria

5.3%

2025-01-01World Bank
LFPR (%)

Brazil

63.1%

2025-01-01World Bank
LFPR (%)

India

55.7%

2025-01-01World Bank
LFPR (%)

Indonesia

68%

2025-01-01World Bank
LFPR (%)

South Africa

55.6%

2025-01-01World Bank
LFPR (%)

Nigeria

82.5%

2025-01-01World Bank
Pop growth (%)

Brazil

0.41 % annual

2024-01-01World Bank
Pop growth (%)

India

0.89 % annual

2024-01-01World Bank
Pop growth (%)

Indonesia

0.81 % annual

2024-01-01World Bank
Pop growth (%)

South Africa

1.25 % annual

2024-01-01World Bank
Pop growth (%)

Nigeria

2.08 % annual

2024-01-01World Bank

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